Coking retort oven



pt. 2, 1933. J. VAN ACKEREN COKING RETORT OVEN Filed March 12, 1930 4Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR.

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COKING RETORT OVEN Filed March 12. 19 30 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 XMQWK COKINGRETORT OVEN Filed March 12, 1930 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR. Q Qk/asap/fivo/z where.

BY f AT OR Y.

Sept. 26, 1933. J. VAN ACKERI:.N

COKINGQRETORT OVEN Filed March 12, 1930 4 Sheets-Sheep 4 IN VEN TOR.wage/ rook/fare:

Patented Sept. 26, 1933 t t at "z 1,928,607 oomno RETORT oven Joseph vanAck eren, OHara Township, Allegheny Bounty, Pa, assignor. to The KoppersCompany of Delaware, a corporation of Delaware Application March 12,1930. Serial No. #135,131

9 Claims.

My invention relates to coking retort ovens and particularly to theconstruction of the heating walls of coke-oven batteries.

, In the Operation of coke-oven batteries, it has 5 been desirable toprevent concentration of the heat of combustion of the fuel gas near.the points in the flues at which it has been introduced and thecombustible mixture is formed. Such concentration .producesunequalheating of the walls of the flame flues and unless compensated'for in asuitable manner, as by varying the thickness of the flue walls, thecharge or. coal in the adjacent oven chamber is coked atan uneven ratewith respect to the verticalheight of the charge.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a simple andeflicient means whereby a combustibie mixture of fuel gas and 'air maybe diluted, with the result that the flame is Inaterially elongated andthe rate of combustion throughout the height of the flame flue issubstantially uniform.

A further object of my invention is to provide an arrangement wherebythe dilution of combustible mixtures in coke ovens occursautomatically-and without the introduction of gaseous media other thanthat required for combustion purposes.

In accordance with the present invention, I

provide means for recirculating at leasta portion of the gases ofcombustion in each oithe flame fines of the heating walls.

The recirculated gases operate to dilute the combustible mixture upontheir entrancefto the flame flues.

This action which Figure 1. is aview inv transverse vertical section ofa portion of a coke-oven battery;

r Fig; 2 is a view in longitudinal vertical section of a portion of acoke-oven battery, taken on line II- -II of Fig. 4; a

Fig.3 is a composite horizontal sectional view, taken partially on lineA -A' and partially on line Fig. 4 is a composite transverse verticalsectional view of the coke-oven battery, taken partially on line C-C andpartially on line DD of Fig. 2 and Fig. 5 is aview in enlarged detail ofa portion of the structure sh of Fig. 4.

own in the right-hand'portion Referring particularly to Fig. 1,acoke-oven' battery 1 comprises a foundation 2, a side-wall 3 that isretained in'position by the usual buckstays,

.4 and a roof 5 having charging openings 6 which are connected to ovenchambers 7, one-oi which appears in the. drawings. v

Crosswise regenerators '8 are located beneath the ovens 7 and theirco-operating heating walls 9 and are separated thereiromby intermediatehorizontal brickworklll. A producer gas main 11 supplies producer gas tothe sole flues12of certain of'the regenerators 8 and a coke-oven gasmain 13 supplies cohe oven gas through gas guns 14, one of which appearsin'the drawings. Air is supplied to certain of the regenerators 8 bymeans of dampers 15, one of which is shown. Gases of combustion areconveyed by outflow regenerators to a waste-gas main 17, which. may beconnected to the usual stack for inducing a draft in the batterystructure. The gases of distillation-are collected by means of ascensionpipes 18 and a collecting main 19, with which they communicate. a a

Reference may now be had to'Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5, in which the details ofconstruction of the heating walls and associated parts are illustrated.Each heating wall 9 comprises a seriesof alined vertical heating flues20. Eachof the flame flues 20 is connected by means of inclined ducts 21to two regenerators 8 beneath the corresponding heating wall, theregenerators being separated by the usualpillar walls 22.

Two horizontal flues 23 are connected by means of ducts 24 to the topsof the flamev flues 20 of the respectivehalves of the heating wall. The'horizontal flues 23 of adjacent walls are connected in pairs by means ofcrossover flues 25 that extend over the tops of the intervening ovenchambers.

Each flame flue 20 is provided with a passageway 27 located in anintermediate or partition wall 28 between adjacent flues. Thispassageway is connected at its top to the flame flue at approximatelyits mid-portion and at its bottom to, the

bottom of the flue and closely adjacent to the entrance of the ducts 21.a I a When producer gas is used as a fuel, it is sup-' plied from theproducer gas main 11 to the sole flues 12 of half of the inflowregenerators 8 and air is also supplied through dampers 15 to the remaining inflow regenerators. Air and gas are 05' supplied through theducts 21 to each of the flame lines 20 of one member of the connectedpairs of heating walls. r

Combustion occurs upon the entrance of the heated gas and air to each ofthe flame flues and the gas burns upwardly therein. The gases ofcombustion pass upwardly, a portion passing out through the duct 24 anda portion being drawn into the passageway 2'? at the upper entrance tothe latter and flowing downwardly in the passageway into the flame flue20 again at the bottom thereof.

This recirculation of a portion of the flue gases is caused by theflowing of the gas and the air past the opening into the passageway atthe bottom of the flue. The Venturi effect thus produced causes arecirculation of gases of combustion which may equal in amount the gasesof combustion passing through the ducts 24. In such case, there may besaid to be 100% recirculation of the waste gases.

The results of the return of the waste gases to the bottom of the flueis to dilute the combustible mixture formed by the gas and air and tocorrespondingly prolong the flame of combustion. The prolongation of theflame also tends to equalize the distribution of heat throughout theheight of the flame flue and, accordingly, the walls of the flame fluesadjacent to the oven chamber 7 may be substantially uniform inthickness, as shown in Fig. 2.

When coke-oven gas is used as a fuel, it is supplied from gas guns 14through nozzles 29, situated in ports 30 connected to each of the flameflues. In accordance with well-known practice, all of the inflowregenerators now supply air which enters the flame flues through both ofthe inclined ducts 21. The passageway 27 operates in the mannerdescribed above to recirculate a high percentage of the waste gases tothe bottoms of the flame flues 20 and thus prevent a concentration ofthe heat generated by the combustion of-the fuel gas at the bottoms ofthe flame flue.

If, for example, the coke-oven gas supplied to each flame flueconstitutes about 21% of the combustible mixture, the recirculation ofwaste gases in the manner described reduces the percentage of coke-ovengas to approximately'l2 witha consequent elongation of the flame in theflue.

It will be readily understood that the gases of combustion in either thecase of producer gas or coke-oven gas as a fuel will pass upwardlythrough the ducts 24 into the horizontal flues 23 through the crossoverflues into the heating system of the adjacent wall and thence outwardlythrough the outflow regenerators to the wastegas mains 1'7 and thestack. The flow of gases in the battery is periodically reversed. Thismethod of operation is that of the well-known Becker oven of thecrossover type.

It will be noted, from an inspection of Fig. 4, that the two halves ofthe heating walls are symmetrically arranged in that the passageways 2'?are provided on one side, of the flame flues to which they are connectedin one half of the heating wall and .upon the opposite side of the flameflues in the other half of the heating wall.

The advantages of the improved construction of my invention will beapparent to those conversant with the art relating to the heating ofcoke ovens. My invention provides a simple and ponvenient manner ofsecuring substantially uniform heating of the chargein the oven chamberthroughout its height.

The construction of coke ovens has been simplified by reason of the factthat the walls of the flame flues may be of uniform thickness and littleadditional construction is necessary in order to secure the beneficialresults of my improvement.

Dilution of the combustible mixture is secured without any heat losssince the diluting gases are merely recirculated from one portion of theflame flue to another and there is no necessity for heating additionalgases, as would be the case if the diluting mixture were introduced fromanother source. No power is required to recirculate the waste gasessince this effect is produced entirely by the usual draft applied to theheating system by the stack. The action is entirely automatic.

The foregoing and other advantages will be apparent to those skilled inthe art relating to coke ovens. The length and other dimensions of thepassageways in parallel with portions of the flame flues may be modifiedin accordance with the effect desired to be secured and it is understoodthat my invention is not limited to the precise embodiment shown anddescribed except as expressed in the claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a coke-oven structure, a heating wall comprising a vertical flameflue, means for supplying fuel gas and air to said flame flue at thebottom thereof for burning upwardly therein, and means comprising apassageway for withdrawing a portion of the gases of combustion from anintermediate portion of the flue and for returning the gases sowithdrawn to the bottom of the flue for dilution of the mixture of fuelgas and air therein.

2. In a coke-oven structure, a heating wall comprising a vertical flameflue, means for supplying fuel gas and air at the bottom of said fluefor combustion therein, a vertical passageway extending adjacent saidflame flue and communicating at its top with an intermediate portion ofsaid flame flue and at its bottom with the bottom portion of said flameflue whereby gases of combustion from said flame flue may circulatethrough said pasageway for dilution of the mixture of fuel gas and airin said flame flue.

3. In a coke-oven structure, a heating wall comprising a plurality ofvertical flame flues, means for supplying fuel gas and air to the bottomportions of said flame flues for combustion therein, and dilution meansfor effecting the dilution of the resulting mixture of fuel gas and airin each of said flues, said dilution means comprising a vertical returnpassage for each vertical flame flue that is closely adjacent thevertical flue and that communicates at its top with the flame flue at apoint intermediate its top and bottom, said return passage alsocommunicating at its bottom with the flame flue at its bottom.

l. In a coke-oven structure, a heating wall comprising a plurality ofvertical flame flues, means for supplying fuel gas and air to the bottomportions of said flame flues thereof for combustion therein, anddilution means for effecting the dilution of the resulting mixture offuel gas and air in each of said flues, said dilution means comprising avertical return passage for each vertical flame flue that is closelyadjacent the vertical flue and that communicates at its top with theflame flue at a point intermediate its top and bottom, said returnpassage also communicating at its bottom with the flame flue at itsbottom, and said flame flues and the return passages being in horizontalalinement longitudinally of said heating wall.

5. In a coke-oven structure, a heating wall plying relatively rich orrelatively lean fuelgas comprising a plurality of vertical flame flues,

means for supplying fuel gas and air to the bottom portions of saidflame ilues thereof for combustion therein, and dilution meansfor-effecting the dilution of the resulting mixture or" fuel gas and airin each of sai ilues, said dilution means comprising a passageway foreach flue that is parallel thereto and equal in length to a lowerportion only of the latter'and that is con1municabiy connected at itstop and its bottom to the top and the bottom, respectively, of saidlower portion of the co-=operating fine, and each of the returnpassageways being located closely adjacent to its co-operating fine andclisposed'within a wall for separating adjacent fiues.

6. In a cole-oven structure, a heating wall comprising a vertical nameflue, means for supplying relatively rich fuel gas and air at the bottomof said fine for combustion therein, a vertical passageway extendingadjacent name fine and communicating at its top with an intermediateportion of said flame fine, and at i s bottom with the bottom portion ofsaid flame flue adjacent to the entrance for incoming fuel gas and airwhereby gases of combustion may be withdrawn from the intermediateportion of said flame fine and returned thereto at the bottom 7. In acoke-oven structure, a heating wall comprising a vertical flame flue,means for supand air at the bottom of said flue for combustion therein,a vertical passageway extending adjacent said flame fine andcommunicating at its top with an intermediate portion of said flame fluethrough a side wall thereof and, at its bottom, through the bottom or"said side Wall whereby said passageway is adapted to withdraw gasessageway connected at one end to said flame flue at an intermediateportion of the latter and at the other end to the bottom portion or"said flame fiue and adjacent to said opening.

9. In a coke-oven structure, a heating wall having a plurality ofvertical flame lines with partition walls therebetween, ducts forsupplying combustible media to the bottoms of said flame fines and forwithdrawing waste gases upwardly from the tops thereof and a passagewayin each of said partition walls thatis connected at its top to anintermediate portion of an adjacent flame flue and at its bottom to thebottom of said flame flue.

JOSEPH VAN ACKEREN.

